Plantago psyllium, Psyllium fiber, Psyllium
The Psyllium fiber is named after the seeds of the plant Plantago psyllium, it is very commonly used to treat constipation. This kind of fiber is water soluble and is the only one that is ferment resistant within the intestine, which gives its laxative properties (increases fecal weight and moisture). Beyond that, psyllium appears to be effective in reducing blood cholesterol and LDL, levels of blood glucose and also appetite.
- Origin: Plant Based
- Source: Itself
- Type: Prebiotics
- Age Range: Adults, Seniors
- Toxicity: There is no evidence of toxicity until now
- Outcomes: Gut Health, Specific Conditions, Digestion, Cholesterol and Triglycerides
What are Psyllium benefits?
Psyllium is a fiber derived from the Plantago psyllium plant (also known as Plantago ovata) that can bind to fatty acids and cholesterol in the diet. According to proven studies, psyllium increases fecal size and moisture, and the most common characteristics of a stool after psyllium supplementation are ‘soft, sleek, and easily passable’. It is also worth noting that compared to other dietary fiber sources, psyllium appears to be more effective in stool formation, and appears to be one of the few fiber sources that are not associated with excessive flatulence. Other benefits of psyllium for the body, also include reduction of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in people with high cholesterol, as well as a slight reduction in HDL; possible reduction in glucose which may benefit diabetics; and a slight reduction in appetite when taken in high doses.
Table of relations
Psyllium and Gut Health
-
Digestion
Digestion refers to the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Therefore it is one of the most important systems of the body, because it is responsable for all the nutrient income that "feed" all of our cells. Maintaining a good digestions is not always easy, as the digestive system behaves differently depending on how and what you eat. Some ingredients help this mechanism work better and preventing discomfort.
Psyllium and Specific Conditions
-
Cholesterol and Triglycerides
Triglycerides and cholesterol are both types of fat present in blood. They play very important roles in the body, such as hormone metabolism and nutrient circulation. In order for them to function properly, they need to be at optimum levels - not too high neither too low. The primary way to keep those good levels is to have a healthy diet, with lots of fiber and balanced fats. But there are some nutraceutics that have been proven to help in this process in a very effective way.
Table of negative interactions
Related videos about Psyllium
References
- ^ a b Cybulski KA, Lachaussée J, Kissileff HR. The threshold for satiating effectiveness of psyllium in a nutrient base. Physiol Behav. (1992)
- ^ a b Gelissen IC, Brodie B, Eastwood MA. Effect of Plantago ovata (psyllium) husk and seeds on sterol metabolism: studies in normal and ileostomy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. (1994)
- ^ a b c Frati-Munari AC, et al. Decrease in serum lipids, glycemia and body weight by Plantago psyllium in obese and diabetic patients. Arch Invest Med (Mex). (1983)
- ^ a b Digestibility and bulking effect of ispaghula husks in healthy humans.
- ^ Chouinard LE. The role of psyllium fibre supplementation in treating irritable bowel syndrome. Can J Diet Pract Res. (2011)
- ^ Fleming V, Wade WE. A review of laxative therapies for treatment of chronic constipation in older adults. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. (2010)
- ^ Yu LL, Lutterodt H, Cheng Z. Beneficial health properties of psyllium and approaches to improve its functionalities. Adv Food Nutr Res. (2009)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Marlett JA, Fischer MH. A poorly fermented gel from psyllium seed husk increases excreta moisture and bile acid excretion in rats. J Nutr. (2002)
- ^ a b Marlett JA, Kajs TM, Fischer MH. An unfermented gel component of psyllium seed husk promotes laxation as a lubricant in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. (2000)
- ^ Al-Assaf S, et al. Molecular weight, tertiary structure, water binding and colon behaviour of ispaghula husk fibre. Proc Nutr Soc. (2003)
- ^ Giacosa A, Rondanelli M. The right fiber for the right disease: an update on the psyllium seed husk and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. (2010)
- ^ a b c Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S. Effects of psyllium on metabolic syndrome risk factors. Obes Rev. (2012)
- ^ Burton-Freeman B, Davis PA, Schneeman BO. Plasma cholecystokinin is associated with subjective measures of satiety in women. Am J Clin Nutr. (2002)
- ^ a b c Karhunen LJ, et al. A psyllium fiber-enriched meal strongly attenuates postprandial gastrointestinal peptide release in healthy young adults. J Nutr. (2010)
- ^ a b c Bergmann JF, et al. Correlation between echographic gastric emptying and appetite: influence of psyllium. Gut. (1992)
- ^ Yao M, Roberts SB. Dietary energy density and weight regulation. Nutr Rev. (2001)
- ^ Holt S, et al. Relationship of satiety to postprandial glycaemic, insulin and cholecystokinin responses. Appetite. (1992)
- ^ Anderson JW, et al. Carbohydrate and fiber recommendations for individuals with diabetes: a quantitative assessment and meta-analysis of the evidence. J Am Coll Nutr. (2004)
- ^ Turnbull WH, Thomas HG. The effect of a Plantago ovata seed containing preparation on appetite variables, nutrient and energy intake. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. (1995)
- ^ a b Delargy HJ, et al. Effects of amount and type of dietary fibre (soluble and insoluble) on short-term control of appetite. Int J Food Sci Nutr. (1997)
- ^ a b c d e f Jun SC, et al. Anti-obesity effects of chitosan and psyllium husk with L-ascorbic acid in guinea pigs. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. (2012)
- ^ a b c d Prynne CJ, Southgate DA. The effects of a supplement of dietary fibre on faecal excretion by human subjects. Br J Nutr. (1979)
- ^ a b c d e f Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F, Lazcano-Burciaga G. Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. (1998)
- ^ Sartore G, et al. The effects of psyllium on lipoproteins in type II diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. (2009)
- ^ a b de Bock M, et al. Psyllium supplementation in adolescents improves fat distribution & lipid profile: a randomized, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. PLoS One. (2012)
- ^ a b c d e Wei ZH, et al. Time- and dose-dependent effect of psyllium on serum lipids in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. (2009)
- ^ Matheson HB, Colón IS, Story JA. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity is increased by dietary modification with psyllium hydrocolloid, pectin, cholesterol and cholestyramine in rats. J Nutr. (1995)
- ^ Buhman KK, et al. Dietary psyllium increases expression of ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter mRNA coordinately with dose-responsive changes in bile acid metabolism in rats. J Nutr. (2000)
- ^ Schneeman BO, Richter D. Changes in plasma and hepatic lipids, small intestinal histology and pancreatic enzyme activity due to aging and dietary fiber in rats. J Nutr. (1993)
- ^ Zhang JX, et al. Effect of oat bran on plasma cholesterol and bile acid excretion in nine subjects with ileostomies. Am J Clin Nutr. (1992)
- ^ Marlett JA, et al. Mechanism of serum cholesterol reduction by oat bran. Hepatology. (1994)
- ^ Effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid on LDL-cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in hypercholesterolemic men.
- ^ Burke V, et al. Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives. Hypertension. (2001)
- ^ Pal S, et al. The effects of 12-week psyllium fibre supplementation or healthy diet on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr. (2012)
- ^ a b c d e f g Sierra M, et al. Therapeutic effects of psyllium in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. (2002)
- ^ Nuttall FQ. Dietary fiber in the management of diabetes. Diabetes. (1993)
- ^ Dow S, et al. Ultrahigh-viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose blunts postprandial glucose after a breakfast meal in women. J Am Coll Nutr. (2012)
- ^ Jenkins DJ, et al. Dietary fibres, fibre analogues, and glucose tolerance: importance of viscosity. Br Med J. (1978)
- ^ Rendell M. Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. (2000)
- ^ Wolever TM, et al. Effect of method of administration of psyllium on glycemic response and carbohydrate digestibility. J Am Coll Nutr. (1991)
- ^ Watters K, Blaisdell P. Reduction of glycemic and lipid levels in db/db diabetic mice by psyllium plant fiber. Diabetes. (1989)
- ^ a b Galisteo M, et al. A diet supplemented with husks of Plantago ovata reduces the development of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and obesity by affecting adiponectin and TNF-alpha in obese Zucker rats. J Nutr. (2005)
- ^ Anderson JW, et al. Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. (1999)
- ^ a b Bajorek SA, Morello CM. Effects of dietary fiber and low glycemic index diet on glucose control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Pharmacother. (2010)
- ^ Khossousi A, et al. The acute effects of psyllium on postprandial lipaemia and thermogenesis in overweight and obese men. Br J Nutr. (2008)
- ^ Cicero AF, et al. Different effect of psyllium and guar dietary supplementation on blood pressure control in hypertensive overweight patients: a six-month, randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Hypertens. (2007)
- ^ Ziai SA, et al. Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients. J Ethnopharmacol. (2005)
- ^ Vuksan V, et al. Viscosity rather than quantity of dietary fibre predicts cholesterol-lowering effect in healthy individuals. Br J Nutr. (2011)
- ^ Tai ES, et al. A study to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with soluble fibre (Minolest) on lipid levels in normal subjects with hypercholesterolaemia. Ann Acad Med Singapore. (1999)
- ^ Kazmi SA, et al. Influence of sibutramine, orlistat and Ispaghula in reducing body weight and total body fat content in obese individuals. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. (2009)
- ^ a b c Song YJ, et al. Soluble dietary fibre improves insulin sensitivity by increasing muscle GLUT-4 content in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. (2000)
- ^ Venter CS, Vorster HH, Van der Nest DG. Comparison between physiological effects of konjac-glucomannan and propionate in baboons fed “Western” diets. J Nutr. (1990)
- ^ Togawa N, et al. Gene expression analysis of the liver and skeletal muscle of psyllium-treated mice. Br J Nutr. (2012)
- ^ Pollet A, et al. In vitro fermentation of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and low molecular mass arabinoxylans with different structural properties from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bran and psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) seed husk. J Agric Food Chem. (2012)
- ^ Marlett JA, Fischer MH. The active fraction of psyllium seed husk. Proc Nutr Soc. (2003)
- ^ Edwards S, et al. Primary structure of arabinoxylans of ispaghula husk and wheat bran. Proc Nutr Soc. (2003)
- ^ a b c d e Kaur A, et al. In vitro batch fecal fermentation comparison of gas and short-chain fatty acid production using “slowly fermentable” dietary fibers. J Food Sci. (2011)
- ^ Mortensen PB, et al. Colonic fermentation of ispaghula, wheat bran, glucose, and albumin to short-chain fatty acids and ammonia evaluated in vitro in 50 subjects. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. (1992)
- ^ Psyllium and methylcellulose fermentation properties in relation to insoluble and soluble fiber standards.
- ^ Bourquin LD, et al. Fermentation of dietary fibre by human colonic bacteria: disappearance of, short-chain fatty acid production from, and potential water-holding capacity of, various substrates. Scand J Gastroenterol. (1993)
- ^ Timm DA, et al. Wheat dextrin, psyllium, and inulin produce distinct fermentation patterns, gas volumes, and short-chain fatty acid profiles in vitro. J Med Food. (2010)
- ^ Al-Khaldi SF, Martin SA, Prakash L. Fermentation of fenugreek fiber, psyllium husk, and wheat bran by Bacteroides ovatus V975. Curr Microbiol. (1999)
- ^ a b Fernández-Bañares F, et al. Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Spanish Group for the Study of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU). Am J Gastroenterol. (1999)
- ^ Harvey RF, Pomare EW, Heaton KW. Effects of increased dietary fibre on intestinal transit. Lancet. (1973)
- ^ a b c d Spiller GA, et al. Bulk laxative efficacy of a psyllium seed hydrocolloid and of a mixture of cellulose and pectin. J Clin Pharmacol. (1979)
- ^ a b Stevens J, et al. Comparison of the effects of psyllium and wheat bran on gastrointestinal transit time and stool characteristics. J Am Diet Assoc. (1988)
- ^ The role of dietary fibre in the human colon.
- ^ Tomlin J, Lowis C, Read NW. Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers. Gut. (1991)
- ^ Bolin TD, Stanton RA. Flatus emission patterns and fibre intake. Eur J Surg Suppl. (1998)
- ^ a b c Gonlachanvit S, et al. Inhibitory actions of a high fibre diet on intestinal gas transit in healthy volunteers. Gut. (2004)
- ^ a b Marthinsen D, Fleming SE. Excretion of breath and flatus gases by humans consuming high-fiber diets. J Nutr. (1982)
- ^ a b Wolever TM, et al. Guar, but not psyllium, increases breath methane and serum acetate concentrations in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. (1992)
- ^ Marteau P, et al. Digestibility and bulking effect of ispaghula husks in healthy humans. Gut. (1994)
- ^ Levitt MD, Furne J, Olsson S. The relation of passage of gas an abdominal bloating to colonic gas production. Ann Intern Med. (1996)
- ^ Bond JH, Levitt MD. Effect of dietary fiber on intestinal gas production and small bowel transit time in man. Am J Clin Nutr. (1978)
- ^ a b Fernandez R, Phillips SF. Components of fiber bind iron in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr. (1982)
- ^ a b Fernandez R, Phillips SF. Components of fiber impair iron absorption in the dog. Am J Clin Nutr. (1982)
- ^ Rossander L. Effect of dietary fiber on iron absorption in man. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. (1987)
- ^ Dennison BA, Levine DM. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover clinical trial of psyllium fiber in children with hypercholesterolemia. J Pediatr. (1993)
- ^ Anderson JW, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid for hypercholesterolemic men. Arch Intern Med. (1988)
- ^ Bell LP, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effects of soluble-fiber cereals as part of a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. (1990)
- ^ Younes H, et al. Effects of two fermentable carbohydrates (inulin and resistant starch) and their combination on calcium and magnesium balance in rats. Br J Nutr. (2001)
- ^ Holloway L, et al. Effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr. (2007)
- ^ a b Trinidad TP, Wolever TM, Thompson LU. Availability of calcium for absorption in the small intestine and colon from diets containing available and unavailable carbohydrates: an in vitro assessment. Int J Food Sci Nutr. (1996)
- ^ Dikeman CL, Murphy MR, Fahey GC Jr. Dietary fibers affect viscosity of solutions and simulated human gastric and small intestinal digesta. J Nutr. (2006)
- ^ Floating drug delivery systems: A review.
- ^ a b c Ram HN, et al. Formulation and evaluation of floating tablets of liquorice extract. Pharmacognosy Res. (2010)
- ^ Chavanpatil M, et al. Development of sustained release gastroretentive drug delivery system for ofloxacin: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm. (2005)
- ^ Chavanpatil MD, et al. Novel sustained release, swellable and bioadhesive gastroretentive drug delivery system for ofloxacin. Int J Pharm. (2006)
- ^ Asnaashari S, et al. Preparation and evaluation of novel metronidazole sustained release and floating matrix tablets. Pharm Dev Technol. (2011)
- ^ Garg R, Gupta GD. Preparation and evaluation of gastroretentive floating tablets of Silymarin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). (2009)
- ^ Morita T, et al. Psyllium shifts the fermentation site of high-amylose cornstarch toward the distal colon and increases fecal butyrate concentration in rats. J Nutr. (1999)
- ^ a b Hoffman D. Psyllium: keeping this boon for patients from becoming a bane for providers. J Fam Pract. (2006)
- ^ a b Malo JL, et al. Prevalence of occupational asthma and immunologic sensitization to psyllium among health personnel in chronic care hospitals. Am Rev Respir Dis. (1990)
- ^ a b Cartier A, Malo JL, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma in nurses handling psyllium. Clin Allergy. (1987)
- ^ Machado L, Stålenheim G. Respiratory symptoms in ispaghula-allergic nurses after oral challenge with ispaghula suspension. Allergy. (1984)
- ^ Machado L, Zetterström O, Fagerberg E. Occupational allergy in nurses to a bulk laxative. Allergy. (1979)
- ^ Gauss WF, Alarie JP, Karol MH. Workplace allergenicity of a psyllium-containing bulk laxative. Allergy. (1985)
- ^ Ispagula powder: an allergen in the work environment.
- ^ McConnochie K, Edwards JH, Fifield R. Ispaghula sensitization in workers manufacturing a bulk laxative. Clin Exp Allergy. (1990)
- ^ a b Arlian LG, et al. Antigenic and allergenic analysis of psyllium seed components. J Allergy Clin Immunol. (1992)
- ^ a b Khalili B, Bardana EJ Jr, Yunginger JW. Psyllium-associated anaphylaxis and death: a case report and review of the literature. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. (2003)
- ^ James JM, et al. Anaphylactic reactions to a psyllium-containing cereal. J Allergy Clin Immunol. (1991)